Org. Synth. 1961, 41, 76
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.041.0076
2-OXA-7,7-DICHLORONORCARANE
[7,7-Dichloro-2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane]
Submitted by William E. Parham, Edward E. Schweizer, and Sigmund A. Mierzwa Jr
1.
Checked by William G. Dauben and Richard Ellis.
1. Procedure
In a 1-l. three-necked flask (Note 1) is placed 50 g. (0.92 mole) of sodium methoxide (Note 2) and (Note 3). The flask is temporarily stoppered and then fitted with a nitrogen inlet tube, a sealed stirrer, and a 250-ml. pressure-equalized dropping funnel carrying a calcium chloride tube.
The dropping funnel is removed, and 67.4 g. (0.8 mole) of dihydropyran (Note 4) and 600 ml. of dry, olefin-free pentane (Note 5) are added successively. The light-yellow solution is stirred for 15 minutes in an ice-water bath, and then 164.8 g. (0.86 mole) of ethyl trichloracetate (Note 6) is added from the dropping funnel over a period of 3–4 minutes. The dropping funnel is removed and replaced by a calcium chloride tube.
The reaction mixture is stirred for 6 hours (Note 7) at the ice-bath temperature and then is allowed to warm to room temperature overnight while the stirring is continued. During this period the color of the mixture changes from yellow-orange to brown.
Water (200 ml.) is added, the mixture is transferred to a 2-l. separatory funnel and shaken. The layers are separated and the aqueous layer is extracted twice with 100-ml. portions of petroleum ether (b.p. 60–68°). The organic layers are combined and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
The solvent is removed at a maximum water-bath temperature of 60° and a minimum pressure of 30 mm. (Note 8). The residual liquid is distilled through a 25-cm. Vigreux column, and the fraction boiling at 74–76/8 mm. is collected (Note 9). The yield of 2-oxa-7,7-dichloronorcarane is 91–100 g. (68–75%), nD25 1.4974–1.4983.
2. Notes
1.
All the glassware used is dried in an
oven at 120°. The reaction vessel is arranged so that all the steps prior to hydrolysis are carried out under a constant positive pressure of dry
nitrogen.
2.
The
sodium methoxide was obtained from Matheson, Coleman and Bell Co. The submitters carried out all operations with this reagent in a dry-box under a stream of dry
nitrogen.
Sodium ethoxide and
potassium tert-butoxide have been successfully substituted for
sodium methoxide;
2 the choice of
sodium methoxide is here principally one of convenience. With other olefins, the choice of alkoxide depends upon the boiling points of the dichlorocarbene adduct and the corresponding dialkyl carbonates.
3.
The checkers did not use a dry-box but simply rapidly weighed the
sodium methoxide on a balance which was constantly swept with a stream of dry
nitrogen from a
large inverted funnel and then transferred the solid directly to the reaction flask.
4.
The
dihydropyran (Matheson) is dried over
sodium carbonate and distilled once prior to use.
5.
Technical grade pentane (Eastman Kodak) is freed of olefins by five successive washes each with
100 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid per liter of
pentane. The olefin-free
pentane is then washed with an equal amount of water, dried over
magnesium sulfate, distilled, and stored over
sodium wire.
6.
Ethyl trichloracetate (Eastman Kodak) is distilled prior to use.
7.
The
nitrogen flow must be slow enough to prevent significant loss of the
pentane by evaporation.
8.
A
rotary evaporator is a convenient apparatus for this operation.
9.
Distillation at significantly higher pressures results in increased decomposition.
3. Discussion
The present procedure is that described by the submitters.
34. Merits of the Preparation
The generation of dichlorocarbene for addition to olefins has been realized by the use of
chloroform and alkali metal alkoxides
4,5 (preferably
potassium tert-butoxide),
sodium trichloroacetate,
6 buthyllithium and
bromotrichloromethane,
7 phenyl(trichloromethyl)mercury,
8 and the reaction of an ester of
trichloracetic acid with an alkali metal alkoxide.
2,3 The latter method, which is here illustrated by the preparation of
2-oxa-7,7-dichloronorcarane, and procedures using
phenyl-(trichloromethyl)mercury generally give higher yields of adducts.
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
petroleum ether
2-Oxa-7,7-dichloronorcarane
buthyllithium
sulfuric acid (7664-93-9)
chloroform (67-66-3)
sodium carbonate (497-19-8)
nitrogen (7727-37-9)
sodium methoxide (124-41-4)
sodium (13966-32-0)
sodium ethoxide (141-52-6)
Pentane (109-66-0)
magnesium sulfate (7487-88-9)
trichloracetic acid (76-03-9)
dihydropyran
ethyl trichloracetate (515-84-4)
7,7-Dichloro-2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (7556-13-0)
sodium trichloroacetate (650-51-1)
bromotrichloromethane (75-62-7)
Phenyl(trichloromethyl)mercury,
phenyl-(trichloromethyl)mercury (3294-57-3)
potassium tert-butoxide (865-47-4)
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