Org. Synth. 2002, 78, 152
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.078.0152
PREPARATION OF (E)-1-DIMETHYLAMINO-3-tert-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILOXY-1,3-BUTADIENE
[
1,3-Butadien-1-amine, 3-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-N,N-dimethyl-
]
Submitted by Sergey A. Kozmin, Shuwen He, and Viresh H. Rawal
1
.
Checked by Ruth Figueroa and David J. Hart.
1. Procedure
A.
(E)-4-Dimethylamino-3-buten-2-one
,
1.
2
A 250-mL,
round-bottomed flask equipped with a
magnetic stirring bar
is charged with
acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal
(Note 1) (19.8 g, 0.15 mol),
freshly distilled prior to use (67°C, 12 mm). A
2.0 M solution
of dimethylamine in methanol
(Note 1)
(85 mL, 0.17 mol) is then added in one
portion. The resulting yellow solution is stirred at room temperature for 4 hr, and
concentrated on a
rotary evaporator. The resulting oil is purified
by bulb-to-bulb distillation (0.25 mm, oven temp 100-120°C)
(Note 2)
to afford
15.3 g (
90%) of the desired vinylogous amide as a pale-orange oil
(Note 3).
B.
(E)-1-Dimethylamino-3-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene
,
2. A dry, 500-mL, three-necked, round-bottomed flask
is equipped with a pressure equalizing addition funnel, a large
egg-shaped magnetic stirring bar, and a nitrogen/vacuum adapter.
The apparatus is evacuated and flushed with nitrogen. The flask
is charged with a 1.0 M solution of sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
(NaHMDS) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Note 1)
(100 mL, 0.100 mol) and the flask is cooled
in a dry ice-acetone bath (−70°C bath temp), causing
a viscous, yellowish-white suspension to form. To this suspension is added, over a
period of 30 min via an addition funnel, a solution of
(E)-4-dimethylamino-3-buten-2-one (11.3
g, 0.100 mol) in THF (50
mL). The funnel is rinsed with a small amount of THF, and the
resulting clear-yellow solution is stirred for 1.0 hr at −78°C. A solution of
tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane
(Note 4) (15.8 g, 0.105 mol) in
THF (50 mL) is added over a 5-min
period, via an addition funnel. The funnel is again rinsed with a small amount of
THF. The cooling bath is removed and the reaction mixture is allowed to reach room
temperature, which requires about 1.5 hr. The reaction mixture is poured into a 1-L
Erlenmeyer flask containing
600 mL
of anhydrous ether
(Note 5). The resulting suspension
is allowed to stand for 30 min and then suction filtered through a pad
of dry Celite (60 g)
(Note 6) packed in a 600-mL
sintered glass filter funnel
(Note 7). The filter
cake is washed with three 50-mL portions of ether
(Note 8), and the filtrate is concentrated on a rotary evaporator
(heating bath temp <45°C). The resulting dark orange oil, containing the diene
and hexamethyldisilazane, is subjected to bulb-to-bulb distillation
(110-120°C, 0.3 mm) (Note 9) to yield 20.4 g (90%)
of the desired 1-amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadiene (Note 10) as a
light-yellow oil (Note 10).
2. Notes
1.
This reagent was purchased from the Aldrich Chemical Company,
Inc.
2.
The receiver bulb was cooled with ice as soon as the product started
to distill.
3.
On occasion the vinylogous amide was obtained as a dark oil, but
exhibited good spectroscopic properties. A cleaner-looking sample of the product was
obtained by resubjecting the dark oil to bulb-to-bulb distillation. The checkers used
a
coffee-maker bulb-to-bulb distillation apparatus and recorded
a bp of
60-80°C at 0.1 mm. Characterization
data follow: IR (neat) cm
−1:
1660, 1575, 1436, 1356, 1258,
1112, 962
;
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl
3
) δ:
2.10 (s, 3 H), 2.88 (br s, 3 H), 2.99 (br s, 3 H),
5.05 (d, 1 H, J = 12.8), 7.47 (d, 1 H, J = 12.8)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz,
CDCl
3
) δ: 28.0, 36.9,
44.5, 96.6, 152.6, 195.2
;
mass spectrum (EI) 113 (C
6H
11NO),
98 (base)
.
4.
This reagent was purchased from Lithco, a division of the FMC
Corporation.
5.
Anhydrous ether was purchased from Fisher
Scientific Company and used without further purification.
6.
Celite 545 was purchased from Fisher Scientific Company and was
flame-dried under vacuum just prior to filtration. The Celite was packed tightly into
the funnel using the bottom of a beaker.
7.
A
sintered-glass Büchner funnel having a C-porous frit
was employed.
8.
When the filtration became very slow, the filter cake was stirred
with a spatula to break up the pasty layer on top. The filtration must be done carefully
to minimize transfer of
sodium chloride (NaCl) to the filtrate.
Lower yields of less pure product are obtained if considerable amounts of NaCl are
present during the subsequent distillation. If a gel is obtained after removal of
solvent on the rotary evaporator, too much NaCl is present.
9.
A
250-mL flask is used as the pot, connected
to a
100-mL collection bulb, connected to a
cold
trap (dry ice-acetone) to protect the vacuum pump.
Hexamethyldisilazane
is collected first in the cold finger (−78°C). Then, as soon as the diene starts
to distill, the collection bulb is cooled with ice. The checkers recorded a bp of
60-80°C at 0.07 mm.
10.
The diene displays the following spectral data: IR (neat) cm
−1: 1648
;
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl
3)
δ: 0.19 (s, 6 H), 0.98 (s, 9 H), 2.70 (s, 6
H), 3.84 (s, 1 H), 3.92 (s, 1 H), 4.78 (d,
1 H, J = 13.2 ), 6.57 (d, 1 H, J = 13.2)
;
13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl
3)
δ: −4.6, 18.3, 25.9, 40.5,
85.8, 95.9, 140.9, 156.4
;
mass spectrum (EI) 227 (C
12H
25NOSi),
156 (base)
. This material contains trace impurities by
1H
and
13C NMR.
11.
The submitters report that an alternate purification method involves distillation through a micro short-path distillation apparatus fittted with a Vigreux column (10 cm). Under this protocol, diene
2 (bp 60°C at 0.5 mm) is obtained as a clear, colorless liquid in 82% yield. (This modification was not checked).
Handling and Disposal of Hazardous Chemicals
The procedures in this article are intended for use only by persons with prior training in experimental organic chemistry. All hazardous materials should be handled using the standard procedures for work with chemicals described in references such as "Prudent Practices in the Laboratory" (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011 www.nap.edu). All chemical waste should be disposed of in accordance with local regulations. For general guidelines for the management of chemical waste, see Chapter 8 of Prudent Practices.
These procedures must be conducted at one's own risk. Organic Syntheses, Inc., its Editors, and its Board of Directors do not warrant or guarantee the safety of individuals using these procedures and hereby disclaim any liability for any injuries or damages claimed to have resulted from or related in any way to the procedures herein.
3. Discussion
The usefulness of the Diels-Alder reaction continues to grow as new dienes and
dienophiles are developed.
3
For the normal demand Diels-Alder reaction, it is well recognized that electron-donating
groups render a diene more reactive toward electron-poor dienophiles. Moreover, the
cycloadditions take place with excellent regioselectivity and give products possessing
useful functional groups.
4
The submitters recently reported the development of 1-amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadienes,
a new class of highly-reactive heteroatom-containing dienes.
5
Clearly related to dialkoxybutadienes such as the widely used 1-methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene,
known also as Danishefsky's diene,
6 the 1-amino-3-siloxy-1,3-butadienes possess
several properties that make them synthetically attractive. They are conveniently
prepared, as illustrated above, by deprotonation of readily available vinylogous amides
with
potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS) or NaHMDS, followed
by silylation of the corresponding enolates. The dienes also exhibit very high reactivity
toward a wide range of dienophiles.
5,7
The submitters have investigated several procedures for the preparation of vinylogous
amide
1, the precursor to the aminosiloxydiene. They first prepared this compound
by an Eschenmoser sulfide contraction between
dimethylthioformamide
and
bromoacetone.
5a
While effective, the procedure was not convenient for the preparation of multigram
quantities of the vinylogous amide, because of the difficulty associated with removal
of the
triphenylphosphine sulfide by-product. A better alternative
is to react a secondary amine with
4-methoxy-2-butenone.
7 This addition-elimination proceeds well with a wide range of secondary
amines. The cost associated with
4-methoxy-2-butenone prompted
the investigation of
acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal as a
starting material. Not only can this compound be converted to
4-methoxy-2-butenone,
but it can also be treated directly with secondary amines to yield the desired vinylogous
amide. Clean
4-methoxy-2-butenone can be distilled in 89% yield
by heating
acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal containing a catalytic
amount of NaOAc to 160-170°C. The procedure described above was adapted from that
reported by Maggiulli and Tang.
2
The second step in the above sequence, deprotonation followed by silylation of
the resulting enolate, was not successful under standard
lithium diisopropylamide
(LDA) conditions, presumably because silylation of the lithium enolate was slow. The
deprotonation/silylation can be carried out effectively using KHMDS, which is available
from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., as a 0.5 M solution in
toluene.
This protocol is quite general for the preparation of various dienes containing different
silyl and amino groups as illustrated in Table I.
5,7 For preparative scale reactions, such as that described above,
the use of NaHMDS was preferred as it is available from Aldrich Chemical Company,
Inc., as 1.0 M solution in THF. The procedure described here also provides a convenient
and high-yielding preparation of Danishefsky's diene (
1-methoxy-3-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene).
8
TABLE I
PREPARATION OF VARIOUS 1-AMINO-3-SILOXY-1,3-DIENES
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Aminosiloxy dienes are highly reactive in Diels-Alder reactions, considerably more
so than the analogous dialkoxy dienes.
5a,
9 They undergo [4+2]
cycloadditions with a broad range of electron-deficient dienophiles.
5,7 The reactions generally occur under very mild conditions and afford
the corresponding cycloadducts in good yields and with complete regioselectivity.
A full study on the preparation and cycloadditions of amino siloxy dienes has been
carried out.
7 In the procedure that follows, a preparative
scale procedure is described for the Diels-Alder reaction of an aminosiloxy diene,
reduction of the electron-withdrawing group in the adduct, and hydrolysis of the β-aminoenolsilyl
ether moiety to the 4-substituted
cyclohexenone.
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
(E)-1-Dimethylamino-3-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene:
1,3-Butadien-1-amine, 3-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-N,N-dimethyl-,
(E)- (14); (194233-66-4)
(E)-4-Dimethylamino-3-buten-2-one:
3-Buten-2-one,
4-(dimethylamino)- (E)-; (2802-08-6)
Acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal:
2-Butanone,
4,4-dimethoxy- (9); (5436-21-5)
Dimethylamine (8);
Methanamine, N-methyl-
(9); (124-40-3)
Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide: NaHMDS:
Disilazane,
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyl-, sodium salt (8);
Silanamine, 1,1,1-trimethyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-,
sodium salt (9); (1070-89-9)
tert-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride: CORROSIVE:
Silane, chloro(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethyl- (9); (18162-48-6)
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