Org. Synth. 1928, 8, 8
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.008.0008
ANTHRONE
Submitted by Kurt H. Meyer
Checked by J. B. Conant and W. C. Boyd.
1. Procedure
In a 2-l. round-bottomed flask with a reflux condenser, 104 g. (0.5 mole) of anthraquinone, m.p. 276–280° (corr.), is mixed with 100 g. (0.86 atom) of granulated tin, and 750 cc. of glacial acetic acid is added. The contents of the flask are heated to boiling, and in the course of two hours, 298 g. (250 cc., 8.2 moles) of c.p. hydrochloric acid (sp. gr. 1.19) is added in 10-cc. portions to the boiling mixture. At the end of this time all the anthraquinone should have gone into solution; if not, more tin and hydrochloric acid are added.
The liquid is filtered with suction through a Gooch crucible with a fixed porous plate (Note 1), and 100 cc. of water is added. The anthrone crystallizes when the solution is cooled to about 10°. The crystals are filtered with suction on a Büchner funnel and washed with water. After drying on a porous plate the melting point of the material is about 153°. The yield is 80 g. (82.5 per cent of the theoretical amount). On recrystallization from a 3:1 mixture (Note 2) of benzene and petroleum ether about 60 g. of anthrone melting at 154–155° (corr.) is obtained (62 per cent of the theoretical amount).
2. Notes
1.
The liquid can also be filtered through a fluted filter paper, but this is slower.
2.
The proportions do not make much difference as far as the yield is concerned, but the substance is more soluble in mixtures rich in
benzene. About 10–12 cc. of the 3:1 mixture is required for each gram of
anthrone. The
anthrone may be more readily dissolved if it is added to the estimated quantity of hot
benzene on the
steam bath, and the petroleum ether is then added. About two-thirds of the mother liquor may be distilled off through a condenser and used in later runs. The residual mother liquor deposits about
12 g. of rather impure
anthrone.
3. Discussion
Anthrone can be prepared by the reduction of
anthraquinone with
tin and
hydrochloric acid,
1 and with
aluminum bronze,
2 or by cyclization of
o-benzylbenzoic acid with liquid
hydrogen fluoride.
3
This preparation is referenced from:
Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)
aluminum bronze
hydrochloric acid (7647-01-0)
acetic acid (64-19-7)
Benzene (71-43-2)
tin (7440-31-5)
Anthrone (90-44-8)
Anthraquinone (84-65-1)
hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)
o-benzylbenzoic acid (612-35-1)
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