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Org. Synth. 1927, 7, 44
DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.007.0044
2-FURYLMETHYL ACETATE
[Furfuryl alcohol, acetate]
Submitted by The Miner Laboratories
Checked by Roger Adams and C. G. Gauerke.
1. Procedure
A mixture of 1 l. of benzene, 600 g. (529 cc., 6.1 moles) of 2-furylcarbinol (p. 276) (Note 1), 225 g. (2.7 moles) of fused powdered sodium acetate, and 650 g. (602 cc., 6.4 moles) of a good grade of acetic anhydride are placed in a 5-l. round-bottomed flask (Note 2) fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a reflux condenser provided with a calcium chloride tube. The flask is heated on a steam bath (Note 1) for four hours with stirring to prevent caking of the sodium acetate.
The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and is poured into 4 l. of cold water (Note 3). The upper layer is separated and allowed to stand for two hours over about 500 cc. of 5 per cent sodium carbonate solution with frequent shaking or mechanical stirring. This decomposes any excess of acetic anhydride. It is finally washed with about 3 l. of water. The benzene solution is distilled under ordinary pressure to remove the benzene (800–900 cc. is recovered). The 2-furylmethyl acetate is distilled under diminished pressure, b.p. 69–70°/7 mm. The yield is 750–800 g. (87–93 per cent of the theoretical amount) (Note 4).
2. Notes
1. If the water-insoluble form of the alcohol (p. 278) is used, the mixture should be allowed to stand under a reflux condenser for about two hours before it is heated. During this period a certain amount of heat is evolved, and sometimes it is sufficient to cause the benzene to boil vigorously, thus making cooling necessary. After it has stood the required time, the mixture is refluxed as described above.
2. If a two- or three-necked flask is available it can be used to advantage.
3. The washing can best be done in a large separatory apparatus prepared by cutting the bottom out of an 18-l. (5-gallon) glass carboy and wiring into its neck a piece of glass tubing carrying a rubber tube and pinch clamp. The inverted carboy forms a useful separatory funnel of large capacity.
4. Saponification of the product with standard potassium hydroxide shows 93–94 per cent ester. It contains some furfuryl alcohol, the removal of which by fractional distillation is difficult, because the boiling points of the alcohol (169°/752 mm.) and the ester (175°/764 mm.) are so close together. Furfuryl acetate darkens on standing. It may be redistilled with little loss to give an almost colorless product.
3. Discussion
2-Furylmethyl acetate can be prepared by heating 2-furylcarbinol with acetic anhydride alone, or with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate.1

References and Notes
  1. Wissell and Tollens, Ann. 272, 303 (1892); Zanetti, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 47, 535 (1925).

Appendix
Chemical Abstracts Nomenclature (Collective Index Number);
(Registry Number)

Benzene (71-43-2)

acetic anhydride (108-24-7)

sodium acetate (127-09-3)

sodium carbonate (497-19-8)

potassium hydroxide (1310-58-3)

2-FURYLCARBINOL,
Furfuryl alcohol (98-00-0)

2-Furylmethyl acetate

Furfuryl alcohol, acetate,
Furfuryl acetate (623-17-6)